Which item represents the independent variable in a study examining the effect of nasogastric insertion on patient anxiety?

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Multiple Choice

Which item represents the independent variable in a study examining the effect of nasogastric insertion on patient anxiety?

Explanation:
The independent variable is what the researcher purposely changes to see its effect on an outcome. In this study, the factor being manipulated is whether nasogastric insertion occurs. That’s the variable you vary to observe its impact on anxiety. Anxiety is what you measure, so it’s the dependent variable. The other options aren’t the manipulated factor: expressive role isn’t what’s being varied, reduction of anxiety is the outcome, and patients are the participants. Therefore, nasogastric insertion is the independent variable.

The independent variable is what the researcher purposely changes to see its effect on an outcome. In this study, the factor being manipulated is whether nasogastric insertion occurs. That’s the variable you vary to observe its impact on anxiety. Anxiety is what you measure, so it’s the dependent variable. The other options aren’t the manipulated factor: expressive role isn’t what’s being varied, reduction of anxiety is the outcome, and patients are the participants. Therefore, nasogastric insertion is the independent variable.

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